Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant of brain tumors. Glioblastoma does not discriminate, afflicting both adults and children, although it is more commonly found in adults.

GBM is a primary brain tumor, meaning it originates in the brain tissue. The tumors can occur anywhere in the brain, and rapidly invade surrounding areas of normal tissue, though they do not metastasize outside of the nervous system. GBMs are often associated with the formation of new blood vessels, which help maintain their rapid growth.

Because the tumors grow so quickly, complete surgical removal is often difficult, if not impossible. Additionally, the tumors can affect the parts of the brain responsible for speech, vision, and motor functions, further complicating surgical removal. GBMs are comprised of more than one type of cell, which also impedes treatment.

While one cell type might die in response to a particular treatment, the other cell types may continue to multiply. GBM treatment is complex, and at this point, inadequate. Unfortunately, GBM is considered an orphan disease, meaning it is still viewed as a rare condition and there is a lack of funding for curative research.